In this blog the grid user will be used for installing and managing grid infrastructure and oracle user will be used for installing and managing the database software. This is not a comprehensive step by step guide, some general database installation steps are not shown here focusing mainly on the steps that are specific to the topic at hand. The software used here are 11gR2 (11.2.0.3)
1. Create the following groups in the OS
groupadd oinstall groupadd dba groupadd oper groupadd asmadmin groupadd asmdba groupadd asmoperand create the grid user and oracle user as follows
useradd -g oinstall -G asmadmin,asmdba,asmoper grid useradd -g oinstall -G dba,oper,asmdba oracleIf Oralce user does not have the asmdba then ASM disk groups created by grid user won't be visible to Oracle user.
2. Create the grid infrastructure location and make the ownership as grid:oinstall
cd /opt/app/11.2.0/ ls -l drwxr-xr-x 2 grid oinstall 4096 Nov 3 17:41 grid3. Install and configure oracleasm libs. User grid user and asmdba as the oracleasm interface user and group
/etc/init.d/oracleasm configure -i
Configuring the Oracle ASM library driver.
This will configure the on-boot properties of the Oracle ASM library
driver. The following questions will determine whether the driver is
loaded on boot and what permissions it will have. The current values
will be shown in brackets ('[]'). Hitting without typing an
answer will keep that current value. Ctrl-C will abort.
Default user to own the driver interface []: grid
Default group to own the driver interface []: asmdba
Start Oracle ASM library driver on boot (y/n) [n]: y
Scan for Oracle ASM disks on boot (y/n) [y]: y
Writing Oracle ASM library driver configuration: done
Initializing the Oracle ASMLib driver: [ OK ]
Scanning the system for Oracle ASMLib disks: [ OK ]
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk DATA /dev/sdb1
Marking disk "DATA" as an ASM disk: [ OK ]
/etc/init.d/oracleasm createdisk FLASH /dev/sdc1
Marking disk "FLASH" as an ASM disk: [ OK ] 4. Login as grid user and start the grid infrastructure installation and select grid infrastrcuture for standalone server.
5. Create a ASM diskgroup to store data files. On this step only one diskgroup could be created. Once the grid infrastrcuture is installed use ASMCA to create any additional diskgroups needed.
6. Select the OS group related ASM activities. If the OS groups mentioned in step 1 are created this step would come pre-selected as shown below.
7. When grid infrastructure is installed for RAC it is advised not to install it as a sub directory of ORACLE BASE. But in this case trying to install out side oracle base would give a warning as shown below.
The grid infrastructure path is selected as below.
8. Installing summary
9. Execute the root scripts when prompted
/opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/root.sh
Performing root user operation for Oracle 11g
The following environment variables are set as:
ORACLE_OWNER= grid
ORACLE_HOME= /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid
Enter the full pathname of the local bin directory: [/usr/local/bin]:
Copying dbhome to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying oraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Copying coraenv to /usr/local/bin ...
Creating /etc/oratab file...
Entries will be added to the /etc/oratab file as needed by
Database Configuration Assistant when a database is created
Finished running generic part of root script.
Now product-specific root actions will be performed.
Using configuration parameter file: /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/crs/install/crsconfig_params
Creating trace directory
LOCAL ADD MODE
Creating OCR keys for user 'grid', privgrp 'oinstall'..
Operation successful.
LOCAL ONLY MODE
Successfully accumulated necessary OCR keys.
Creating OCR keys for user 'root', privgrp 'root'..
Operation successful.
CRS-4664: Node rhel5 successfully pinned.
Adding Clusterware entries to inittab
rhel5 2011/11/03 18:15:01 /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/cdata/rhel5/backup_20111103_181501.olr
Successfully configured Oracle Grid Infrastructure for a Standalone Server10. Once the root scripts are finished listener and ASM instance will be created.
11. Following commands could be used to stop and start the grid infrastructure related services
crsctl stop has crsctl start has12. ASM's SPFile will be residing inside ASM itself. This could be found out in number of ways, looking at the alert log of ASM when ASM starts
Machine: x86_64 Using parameter settings in server-side spfile +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.766260991 System parameters with non-default values: large_pool_size = 12M instance_type = "asm" remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE" asm_diskgroups = "FLASH" asm_diskgroups = "DATA" asm_power_limit = 1 diagnostic_dest = "/opt/app/oracle"Or using the asmcmd's spget command which shows the spfile location registered with GnP profile
ASMCMD> spget +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.766260991To copy the ASM spfile to a file systme location use spcopy (use spmove to move it). Before executing the spcopy stop the diskgroups
srvctl stop diskgroup -g data[flash] ASMCMD> spcopy +DATA/asm/asmparameterfile/registry.253.766260991 /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM.oraand update the GnP profile with the new location using spset
ASMCMD> spset /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora ASMCMD> spget /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM.oraWhen ASM starts next the new location is listed as below
Machine: x86_64 Using parameter settings in server-side spfile /opt/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/grid/dbs/spfile+ASM.ora System parameters with non-default values: large_pool_size = 12M instance_type = "asm" remote_login_passwordfile= "EXCLUSIVE" asm_diskgroups = "FLASH" asm_diskgroups = "DATA" asm_power_limit = 1 diagnostic_dest = "/opt/app/oracle"With this concludes the installation of grid infrastructure and creation of ASM.
13. Login as Oracle user and start the database software installation.
14. Some locations ($ORACLE_BASE/admin, $ORACLE_BASE/cfgtoollogs) may not have write permissions for Oracle user, permissions might be set as 755 grid : oinstall. Change permissions as 775 to allow oracle user the access to these location.
15. There is a pre-req check to see if grid user is also a member of the dba group. As per metalink note 1084186.1 "In case of stand alone set up, if the 11.2 Database be managed by Oracle Restart ( srvctl stop/start ), then 'grid' user should also be a part of 'dba' group."
16. Complete the installation.
17. Run dbca as Oracle user from the database software home. Creating database is straightforward. If anything can go wrong then it will be that ASM disk are not being shown when ASM is created for data file locations.
This will be because Oracle user is not in the asmdba group. Once added the disk will appear for selection. This concludes the creation of standalone database with ASM in 11gR2.
The database comes with Oracle restart configured as well as ASM as a target in the EM Console
Some useful metalink notes
DBCA Does Not Display ASM Disk Groups In 11.2 [ID 1177483.1] (issue seems to be fixed in 11.2.0.3)
Patch 11gR2 Grid Infrastructure Standalone (Oracle Restart) [ID 1089476.1]
11gR2 (11.2.0.1) Unable To Create ASM Spfile Standalone [ID 1082332.1]
Database Creation on 11.2 Grid Infracture with Role Separation ( ORA-15025, KFSG-00312, ORA-15081 ) [ID 1084186.1]
How to change ownership and group memberships of Grid home in 11.2 Standalone [ID 1171674.1]
Ora-01115, Ora-01110, Ora-15081 When Connecting DB with non-dba Group Users [ID 1372571.1]
ASM 11.2 Configuration KIT (ASM 11gR2 Installation & Configuration, Deinstallation, Upgrade, ASM Job Role Separation (Standalone Only). [ID 1092213.1]
How To Upgrade Oracle Restart i.e. Single Node Grid Infrastructure/ASM from 11.2.0.2 To 11.2.0.3. [ID 1400185.1]
Listener Log Showing * Service_died * Lsnragt * 12537 Died Message Every Minute. [ID 1349844.1]
WARNING: Subscription for node down event still pending' in Listener Log [ID 372959.1]
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